Section 13.3

Interpretations

What does actually mean in the real world?

1

Introduction

Just like tells you how fast changes, tells you how fast changes if you move East (along x-axis), and tells you how fast changes if you move North (along y-axis).

2

Visualizing Rates of Change

Interactive: The Saddle Point

At this point, moving in (Red) drops you down, but moving in (Green) pushes you up.

3

Tangent Lines

Vector Equations

The tangent lines can be written as vector functions:

Tangent in x-direction

Direction vector:

Tangent in y-direction

Direction vector:

4

Worked Examples

Example 1: Rate of Change Calculation

Let . Find the rate of change in at .

1. Find .
2. Plug in : .

The function is increasing at a rate of 4 units per unit x.

Example 2: Tangent Line Equation

Find the tangent line to at in the -direction.

1. Evaluate function: . Point: .

2. Find slope: .

3. Direction vector for y-tangent: .

4. Line Eq: .

Example 3: Steepness Comparison

For at , which is steeper: the slope in the direction or direction?

1. Calculate :

.

2. Calculate :

.

3. Compare:

Slope in x (48) is much larger than slope in y (16).
The surface is steeper in the x-direction.

5

Practice Quiz

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