Section 21.3

Inverse Laplace Transforms

To solve the differential equation, we must eventually return to the time domain. This requires some algebra gymnastics.

1

Introduction

The Inverse Laplace Transform is denoted:

Unlike the forward transform (which is integration), the inverse transform usually just involves matching patterns from our table. The hard part is massaging to look like the table patterns.

2

Linearity

Just like the forward transform, the inverse is linear:

3

Partial Fractions

Most transforms result in rational functions . We split them up.

  • Distinct Linear Factors: .
    Results in .
  • Repeated Linear Factors: .
    Results in .
  • Irreducible Quadratics: or .
    Results in .
    (Often requires Completing the Square).
4

Visual: Pole Locations

Interactive: Poles dictate Behavior

The denominator roots ("poles") in the s-domain determine the exponents and frequencies in the time domain.

5

Worked Examples

Example 1: Basic Linear

Find .

1. Factor Denominator:

.

2. Partial Fractions:

.

.

Set .

Set .

3. Transform Back:

.

(Note: This is also ).

Example 2: Repeated Roots

Find .

1. Setup:

.

.

2. Solve Coefficients:

Set .

Match 's' terms: .

3. Transform:

.

: Recall . Shift gives .

.

Example 3: Completing the Square

Find .

1. Complete Square:

.

This is a sine/cosine shifted by with .

2. Match Numerator:

We need terms.

.

.

3. Transform:

First term: .

Second term: Needs a 5 on top. .

.

6

Practice Quiz

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