Section 21.5

Solving IVPs with Laplace

We put it all together. Transform, Algebra, Inverse Transform. The "Three Step Program" for Differential Equations.

1

Introduction

Why use Laplace Transforms instead of ?

  • It handles initial conditions automatically (no solving for at the end).
  • It handles piecewise forcing functions (which happen all the time in engineering) elegantly.
2

The Workflow

1

Transform

Take of both sides. Use for .

2

Solve

It's just algebra now! Isolate on one side.

3

Inverse

Use Partial Fractions and Completing the Square to find .

3

Visual: Mapping

Interactive: Input to Output

Changing initial conditions (like velocity) just changes the numerator constants in .

4

Worked Examples

Example 1: First Order Linear

Solve , .

1. Transform:

.

.

2. Solve for Y:

.

3. Inverse:

Partial Fractions: .

.

. .

.

.

Example 2: Second Order w/ Initial Conditions

Solve , .

1. Transform LHS:

.

.

2. Transform RHS:

.

3. Isolate Y:

.

Note: .

.

4. Inverse:

.

(using formula).

.

Example 3: Undamped Harmonic

Solve , .

1. Transform:

.

. (ICs moved to RHS).

2. Solve for Y:

.

3. Inverse:

Standard form for sine: where .

.

.

5

Practice Quiz

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