Section 25.2

Eigenvalues & Eigenfunctions

This is the differential equation equivalent of matrix eigenvectors.

1

Introduction

We want to solve subject to boundaries like .

The trivial solution always works.
We want to find specific values (Eigenvalues) that allow non-zero solutions (Eigenfunctions).

2

The Problem Setup

Three Possibilities

  • (Oscillatory)
  • (Linear)
  • (Exponential)

Usually only positive works for Dirichlet conditions.

3

Worked Examples

Example 1: Dirichlet Conditions

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Try : .

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For non-trivial (), we need .

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Eigenfunctions: .

Example 2: Neumann Conditions

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Check : . Conditions give .

(Constant) works! So is an eigenvalue.

Positives: .

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Example 3: Visual Modes

Standing waves on a string of length 1.

4

Practice Quiz

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