Section 26.1

The Heat Equation

Describing how temperature (or any concentration) diffuses over time.

1

Introduction

The Heat Equation is a parabolic PDE:

is temperature. is thermal diffusivity.

2

Heuristic Derivation

Energy Balance

Rate of change of heat in a segment = Heat flowing in - Heat flowing out.

Flux is proportional to negative gradient (Fourier's Law): .
matches the equation.

3

Worked Examples

Example 1: Steady State

As , .

Then .

.

In the long run, temperature profile is a straight line connecting the boundary temps.

Example 2: Verification

Verify solves .

.

.

LHS = RHS. It works.

Example 3: Visual Diffusion

A Gaussian spike spreads out and flattens over time.

4

Practice Quiz

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