Section 3.11

Related Rates

If two variables are related, their rates of change are related. These are real-world word problems powered by implicit differentiation.

1

The Concept

Differentiation with Respect to Time

In these problems, every variable () is implicitly a function of time .

  • Derivative of is
  • Derivative of is

General Strategy

  1. Draw a picture and label variables.
  2. Find an equation relating the variables.
  3. Differentiate both sides with respect to .
  4. Plug in known values and solve.
2

Worked Example

Inflating Balloon

A spherical balloon is inflating. The radius grows at . How fast is the Volume () changing when ?

10.0 cm
2.0 cm/s
Volume
4189 cm³
dV/dt
2513 cm³/s
Step 1: The Formula

Volume of a sphere:

Step 2: Differentiate w.r.t Time

Remember the Chain Rule for r!

Step 3: Plug and Solve

Use and .

3

Level Up Examples

The Sliding Ladder

A 15 ft ladder rests against a wall. The bottom is initially 10 ft away and is pushed towards the wall at . How fast is the top moving up the wall after 12 seconds?

10.0 ft
As gets smaller (pushed in), shoots up faster!
1. Find x at t=12

Start at . Rate .
. (Set slider to 7!)

2. Differentiate Pythagorean
3. Solve

If , then .

The Streetlight Shadow

A 12 ft pole. A 5.5 ft person walks away at 2 ft/s. Find the rate of the shadow's tip when they are 25 ft away.

10 ft
The shadow tip moves faster than the person!
1. Similar Triangles

Let be the tip position. (Big triangle vs Small triangle)

2. Differentiate

Since is a linear relationship, the rates are proportional constant!

3. Solve

Given . Note: Distance doesn't change the rate!

4

Practice Quiz

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