Lesson 11.4

Double-Angle Formulas

Special cases of the Sum Formulas that arise when both angles are the same: , , and .

Introduction

What happens when you apply with ? You get . These "double-angle" formulas are incredibly useful shortcuts.

1

Prerequisite Connection

You know the Sum and Difference formulas for sine and cosine.

2

Today's Increment

We're deriving , (3 forms!), and .

3

Why This Matters

In Calculus, is solved by converting to a double-angle form. These formulas are essential for integration.

The Double-Angle Formulas

Sine Double-Angle

Tangent Double-Angle

Cosine Double-Angle (3 Forms)

Derivation: Start with , then use or to get the other two forms.

Worked Examples

Example 1: Evaluating a Double Angle

If and is in QI, find .

1

Find

Using

Since QI,

2

Apply Double-Angle Formula

3

Calculate

Answer:

Example 2: Simplifying an Expression

Simplify .

1

Recognize the Pattern

This is exactly the first form of !

Answer:

Example 3: Solving an Equation (Advanced)

Solve on .

1

Expand Double Angle

2

Rearrange and Factor

3

Solve Each Factor

Answer:

Common Pitfalls

Forgetting the "2" in front of

It's , not just .

Using the wrong cosine form

Choose the form that matches your given information. If you know sine, use .

Real-World Application

Physics: Projectile Motion

The range of a projectile is maximized when launched at 45°. The formula involves , which equals 1 when . This is why athletes throwing discus or javelin aim for that angle.

Practice Quiz

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