Lesson 12.1

The Law of Sines

When a triangle isn't a right triangle, we need new tools. The Law of Sines relates sides to the sines of their opposite angles.

Introduction

SOH CAH TOA only works for right triangles. But the Law of Sines works for any triangle—it's our first tool for solving oblique (non-right) triangles.

1

Prerequisite Connection

You know SOH CAH TOA for right triangles. Now we're extending to all triangles.

2

Today's Increment

We're learning the Law of Sines and applying it to ASA and AAS triangles.

3

Why This Matters

Surveyors, pilots, and engineers use these techniques to calculate distances that can't be measured directly.

The Law of Sines

The Law of Sines

When to Use It

  • ASA: Two angles and the included side
  • AAS: Two angles and a non-included side
  • SSA: Two sides and a non-included angle (See Lesson 12.2)

Key Insight

Each ratio equals the diameter of the circumscribed circle! This is why all three ratios are equal.

Worked Examples

Example 1: AAS Triangle

In triangle ABC, , , and . Find side .

1

Set Up the Proportion

2

Solve for b

3

Calculate

Answer:

Example 2: ASA Triangle — Find Two Sides

In triangle ABC, , , and (the side between A and C). Find sides and .

1

Find Angle B

2

Find Side a

3

Find Side c

Answer:

Example 3: Complete Triangle Solution (Advanced)

In triangle ABC, , , and . Find all missing parts.

1

Find Angle B

2

Find Side a

3

Find Side c

Answer:

Common Pitfalls

Matching sides with wrong angles

Side is always opposite angle . Use consistent labeling!

Calculator in wrong mode

Check that your calculator is in DEGREE mode, not RADIAN mode.

Real-World Application

Surveying & Navigation

Surveyors use the Law of Sines to calculate distances across rivers, canyons, or other obstacles. By measuring angles from two known points and the distance between them, they can determine any other distance in the triangle without physically crossing the gap.

Practice Quiz

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