Lesson 12.2

The Ambiguous Case (SSA)

When given two sides and an angle opposite one of them (SSA), the Law of Sines can produce zero, one, or two valid triangles.

Introduction

The SSA configuration is called "ambiguous" because knowing two sides and a non-included angle doesn't uniquely determine a triangle.

1

Prerequisite Connection

You know the Law of Sines from the previous lesson.

2

Today's Increment

We're learning to determine how many triangles exist in SSA situations.

3

Why This Matters

Understanding when a problem has multiple solutions is critical for engineering design.

The Ambiguous Case Analysis

Given angle A, side a (opposite), and side b (adjacent):

No Triangle

If

One Triangle

If

Two Triangles

If and

Two-Triangle Case: The second angle is .

Why Two Triangles? — Watch side "a" swing like a compass

Base (side c)bB₁B₂APivota

Side "a" swings and hits the base at B₁ or B₂ — two valid triangles!

Worked Examples

Example 1: No Triangle Exists

Given , , .

Answer: No triangle exists

Example 2: One Triangle — Complete Solution

Given , , . Since , at most one triangle exists.

1

Find Angle B

2

Find Angle C

3

Find Side c

Answer:

Example 3: Two Triangles — Complete Solutions

Given , , . Since , check for two triangles.

1

Find sin B

2

Find Both Possible B Values

Triangle 1 ()

Triangle 2 ()

Two Valid Triangles:

△1:

△2:

Common Pitfalls

Forgetting to check for two triangles

When , always compute .

Not validating the second solution

Verify for the second triangle to be valid.

Real-World Application

GPS & Triangulation

GPS systems use triangulation that can encounter ambiguous cases. Engineers must verify unique solutions exist.

Practice Quiz

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