Section 6.3
The Poisson Probability Distribution
Model the number of independent events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space.
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The Poisson Process
A Poisson process counts the number of occurrences of an event over a period of time, area, distance, or any other interval.
Conditions for Poisson
- 1Independence: Occurrences in one interval do not affect other non-overlapping intervals.
- 2Constant Rate: The average rate of occurrence is constant for all intervals of the same size.
- 3Rare Events: Determining the probability of 2 or more occurrences in a very small interval is negligible.
Notation
Average rate (occurrences per unit) Interval length (time, space, etc.) Number of occurrences (0, 1, 2...)
Examples
- Number of emails arriving in 1 hour
- Number of typos per page in a book
- Cars passing a checkpoint in 5 mins
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Poisson Probability Formula
Probability Mass Function
LogicLens: Deconstructing the Formula
Part 1: The Weight ()
This term scales with the expected number of occurrences () raised to the power of the actual count ().
Part 2: The Decay ()
This exponential term rapidly decreases probabilities for high values of , ensuring the sum of all probabilities equals 1.
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Mean & Standard Deviation
Mean
Same as the expected count in the interval.
Standard Deviation
Square root of the mean (Unique property!)
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Interactive Poisson Calculator
Poisson Probability Calculator
Occurrences per interval unit
Number of units (e.g., hours, sq meters)
Mean ()
Std Dev ()
Exact
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Less Than
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At Most
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More Than
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At Least
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Based on formula
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